NR 281 understanding Pathophysiology

NR 281 understanding Pathophysiology

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Case Study Questions: Myocardial Infarction (50 points)1.What is the significance of an elevated ST segment inversion on an EKG and the PVCs the nurse sees on the monitor? (5 points)It is known that there are two types of myocardial infarctions (heart attacks): sub-endocardial infarction and the transmural infarction [Sue12]. They are broken into categories depending on the absence or presence of an ST-segment elevation. Therefore the significance of an elevated ST segment inversion would classify the infraction as a transmural myocardial infarction [Sue12]. People with this type of infarction are at higherrisks for complication according to Understanding Pathophysiology [Sue12]. A PVC is an abnormal cardiac rhythm that disrupts the hearts normal beat, due to the fact that occurs earlier than normal rhythm[Cle15]. It has been said that every person has a PVC occur at sometimes in their lives. However, PVC’s occur more frequently in people with some kind of heart disease; more commonly a history of heart attacks2.What is the pathophysiology causing Mr. Canton’s cool, clammy skin and inspiratory crackles? (5 points)Mr. Canton’s cool clammy skin could be the result of severe pain or hypoglycemia from his MI [Wil13]. On a pathogenic level the cooler clammy skin is caused be decreased blood flow, due to the myocardial reserves being used up [Sue12]. This occurs when Angiotensin II is released in a myocardial ischemia, which creates peripheral vasoconstriction, resulting in Mr. Canton’s cool clammy skin. The crackles heard on inspiration is due to a fluid buildup from the heart is not pumping correctly and backing up into the lungs [Sue12].3.Is his dental pain significant? Why or why not? (5points)Yes it common in heart attack patients to complain of dental pain. During an MI thepain is often known to radiate from the heart up the neck to the jaw, and even back and/orshoulders [Sue12]. 4.Why would Mr. Canton vomit after drinking water? (5points)According to Understanding Pathophysiology many individuals experience an unrelenting indigestion. This can cause nausea and vomiting because of reflex stimulation
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Case Study3of pain fibers. Some the vomiting of water is due to the activation of the vasovagal reflux that signals responsive vomitin

NR 281 understanding Pathophysiology